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The focus of the practice questions is to help understand the purpose and intent of a question within a competency-based multiple-choice exam. More specifically, the plan is to guide the exam candidate towards the correct answer; to see what the questions look like on an exam; and how to work through the rationale for the correct answer.
Use the following information to answer questions 1 to 4:
Paul is a 28-month-old child with a developmental delay. His parents report that he has a few words, but uses them infrequently and does not appear to be interested in conversation or reciprocal play. They also state that he understands simple language accompanied by gestures.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.f iii
Rationales
References
Paul, R., Norbury, C., & Gosse, C. (2018). Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communication. 5th Ed Elsevier. p.242
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.2.f iii
Rationales
is incorrect because two-step commands and questions are not expected at this developmental stage.
is incorrect because adjectives of colour and size are not expected at this developmental stage.
is incorrect because concepts up to three are not expected at this developmental stage.
References
Paul, R., Norburn, C., & Gosse, C. (2018). Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communication. 5th Ed Elsevier. p.246-47
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.f iv
Rationales
is incorrect because it is not the best alternative. It does not provide the child with the best opportunities to demonstrate a variety of receptive language skills.
is incorrect because parental report for receptive language is not very reliable at this age.
is correct because the combination of naturalistic settings and receptive language probes are the best way to measure receptive language skills for a child this age. It can also be administered directly by the clinician.
is incorrect because communicative functions is not a measure of receptive language.
References
Paul, R., Norburn, C., & Gosse, C. (2018). Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communication. 5th Ed Elsevier. p.246
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.i ii
Rationales
is incorrect because modifiers and adverbs are not in Paul’s zone of proximal development.
is incorrect because words with CV structure are easier to produce than words with VC structure.
is correct because choosing targets that are in the child’s phonetic inventory will increase the likelihood of success.
is incorrect because noun referents are easier to learn than verbs.
References
Paul, R., Norburn, C., & Gosse, C. (2018). Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communication. 5th Ed Elsevier. p. 264-65
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.1.a iii
Rationales
is wrong because semantic development is the knowledge of vocabulary and the meaning of words.
is wrong because grapheme perception involves the writing of letters.
is wrong because sound production involves the ability to produce sounds.
is correct because a key aspect of phonological awareness is the mapping of phonemes to graphemes (sounds to letters) and therefore facilitates print decoding.
References
Paul, R., Norburn, C., & Gosse, C. (2018). Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communication. 5th Ed Elsevier. p.419
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1.b i
Rationales
is incorrect because abdominal muscle activity is active during speech.
is incorrect because the volume of inhalation is variable depending on the speaking task.
is correct because vocal folds adduct for phonation during speech breathing creating an obstacle for expired air. This makes the expiratory phase longer.
is incorrect for speech breathing.
References
Ferrand, C. (2014). Speech Science: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice. 3rd Ed. Pearson. Page 247.
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.1.b i
Rationales
is correct because excess and equal stress is most expected in a patient with ataxic dysarthria.
C. & D. are incorrect because these characteristics are not the main features of ataxic dysarthria.
References
Yorkston, K. M., Beukelman, D. R., Strand, E. A. , and Hakel. M. (2010). Management of Motor Speech Disorders in Children and Adults. 3rd Ed Pro-Ed. pg. 89.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1.b i
Rationales
A. B. & D. are incorrect because these anatomical regions are not the location of Wernicke’s area.
C. is correct because this anatomical region is the location of Wernicke’s area.
References
Brookshire, RH. (2015). Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders. 8th Ed Elsevier. p. 191
Papathanasiou I., and Coppens, P. (2017). Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders. 2nd Ed Jones and Bartlett Learning. p. 46
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.1.a iii
Rationales
is incorrect because Supported Conversation for Adults With Aphasia encourages the use of nonverbal skills to assist with communication, but the goal is to participate in conversation.
is correct because helping an adult with aphasia to reveal his/her communicative competence is the primary goal of this approach.
is incorrect because Supported Conversation for Adults With Aphasia encourages the use of nonverbal skills to assist with communication, but the goal is to facilitate conversation.
is incorrect because Supported Conversation for Adults With Aphasia is for the adult with aphasia to reveal his/her communicative competence, not the communication partner.
References
Brookshire, RH. (2015). Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders. 8th Ed Elsevier. p. 246
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.1.a i
Rationales
is correct because research has demonstrated that language disorders most frequently accompany phonological disorders.
C. & D. are incorrect because these co-morbidities occur less frequently than language disorders.
References
Rvachew, S. (2018). Developmental phonological disorders: foundations of clinical practice (F. Brosseau-Lapré (Ed.); 2nd Ed. Plural Publishing, Inc. p. 375
Bauman-Waengler, J. (2020). Articulation & Phonology in Speech Sound Disorders: A Clinical Focus 6th Ed. Pearson. p.146
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.1.b i
Rationales
is correct because the first stage of the grieving process is denial.
C. & D. are not correct because these characteristics are unrelated to the normal grieving process.
References
Luterman, D. (2008) Counselling Persons With Communication Disorders and Their Families. 5th Ed. Pro-Ed. Page 53
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1a i
Rationales
C. is correct because hallmark features of hypokinetic dysarthria are hypophonia, monotonous voice, breathiness, short rushes of speech and imprecise consonants.
References
Yorkston, K. M., Beukelman, D. R., Strand, E. A. , and Hakel. M. (2010). Management of Motor Speech Disorders in Children and Adults. 3rd Ed Pro-Ed. pg. 300-302.
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.2.i ii
Rationales
A. is correct because hard glottal attacks are associated with increased tonicity of the vocal folds and surrounding musculature. Therefore, therapy should target reducing and normalizing laryngeal tension.
B. & C. are incorrect because inspiration and pitch are not strongly associated with glottal attacks.
D. is incorrect because increased glottal resistance is associated with increased glottal tension, therefore it will have the opposite of the desired effect.
References
Stemple, J., Nelson, R., and Klaben, BK. (2020). Clinical Voice Pathology: Theory and Management. 6th Ed Plural Publishing. p. 266-267.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1.a i
Rationales
A. B. & D. are incorrect because in these diagnoses, reading and writing is likely to be preserved.
C. is correct because in severe aphasia, reading and writing is likely to be affected and a picture-based system would be most appropriate.
References
Beukelman, D., and Mirenda, P. (2013) Augmentative & Alternative Communication: Supporting Children & Adults with Complex Communication Needs. 4th Ed. Paul H Brookes Publishing Co. Pages 194-195.
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.1.b i
Rationales
is correct because cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) targets attitudes towards communication and speaking abilities. CBT contributes to the maintenance of improved fluency.
C. & D. are incorrect because they don’t target the feelings and attitudes of people who stutter toward communication and speaking abilities, which is the target of CBT.
References
Guitar, B., & McCauley, R. (2010). Treatment of Stuttering: Established and Emerging Interventions. Wolters Kluwer: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 189-190
Amster, B. J., & Klein, E. R. (Eds.). (2018). More than fluency: the social, emotional, and cognitive dimensions of stuttering. Plural Publishing, Inc. p.85
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.1.a
Rationales
A. B. & C. are incorrect because the Mendelsohn manoeuver does not does not target vocal fold closure, tongue strength or pharyngeal sensation.
D. is correct because the Mendelsohn manoeuver is designed to increase range and duration of hyolaryngeal elevation with a resultant increase in range and duration of pharyngoesophageal segment opening.
References
Groher, M. E. and M. A. Cary (2020). Dysphagia: Clinical Management in Adults and Children. 3rd Ed Elsevier. pg. 227
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.2.k i
Rationales
A. B. & C. are incorrect because they measure speech accuracy overall and do not measure progress with a particular sound.
D. is correct because it is the only option that measures generalization of a particular sound.
References
Rvachew, S. (2018). Developmental phonological disorders: foundations of clinical practice (F. Brosseau-Lapré (Ed.); 2nd Ed. Plural Publishing, Inc. p.432
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.i i
Rationales
is incorrect because a person with mild dysarthria should have good intelligibility and this would not constitute a general treatment goal.
is correct because a person with mild dysarthria would benefit from normalizing speech function.
& D. are incorrect because there is insufficient information regarding the specific dysarthria type and the question pertains to a general treatment goal.
References
Yorkton & Beukelman, 2010, p.276
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.i i
Rationales
is incorrect because the goal of increasing vocabulary does not address the underlying issue which is word retrieval.
is correct because semantic association is a strategy used to improve word retrieval. By expanding and deepening students’ knowledge of word meaning, the connections among words in the students’ semantic network is increased.
is incorrect because enhancing literacy skills does not improve word-retrieval, although the inverse may be true.
is incorrect because improving conversational skills does not address the underlying issue which is word retrieval.
References
Paul, R., Norbury, C., & Gosse, C. (2018). Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communication. 5th Ed Elsevier. p.518
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.i i
Rationales
is incorrect because an individual with global aphasia would not be able to effectively use semantically related words to either derive meaning of the target word or name the target word.
is incorrect because verbal output in an individual with global aphasia is still limited and would not be at a level that uses syntactic structure.
is correct because initial therapy goals in an individual with global aphasia need to target simple, basic communication.
is incorrect because word retrieval in an indidivual with gloabl aphasia is too impaired to benefit from phonemic cueing.
References
Brookshire, RH. (2015). Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders. 8th Ed Elsevier. p.218
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 2.a iii
Rationales
A. is correct because it is best practice. The use of an interpreter ensures that the information is presented in a way that is unbiased, by someone is professionally trained and would have knowledge of the structure and content of that language.
B. & C. are incorrect because this would only be used in exceptional circumstances.
D. is incorrect because it is insufficient for informed consent. Providing written information only does not allow the client to ask questions and therefore does not constitute informed consent.
References
Lubinski, R., Golper, L., Frattali, C. (2007). Professional Issues in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. 3rd Ed. Thomson Delmar Learning. Page 45
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1.c i
Rationales
A. B. & D. are incorrect because, although relevant, these are not the primary prognostic indicators for children with sensorineural hearing loss.
C. is correct because age of amplification is the best predictor of oral language development.
References
Katz, J. (2015). Handbook of Clinical Audiology. 7th Ed. Wolters Kluwer. Page 459
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 7a iii
Rationales
is incorrect because it doesn’t address the parent’s concerns.
& D. are incorrect because it increases the risk of a breach of confidentiality.
is correct because it addresses the parent’s concerns, while maintaining professional boundaries and confidentiality.
References
Paul, R., Schoen Simmons, E. (2021). Clinical Methods in Communication Disorders. 4th Ed. Paul H Brookes Publishing Co. Page 188.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 7b iii
Rationales
is incorrect because the first course of action is always to address the issue directly with the person involved.
& D. are incorrect because they give an unfair advantage to Tony and constitutes unethical practice.
is correct because as a regulated health professional, the SLP is obligated to practice ethically. This includes addressing the issue with the person in question and following triage guidelines.
References
Lubinski, R., Golper, L., Frattali, C. (2007) Professional Issues in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. 3rd Ed. Thomson Delmar Learning. Page 89 and 439.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 4.b. ii
Rationales
A. & B. is incorrect because sharing her friend’s concerns with another team member would be a breach of confidentiality and doesn’t promote self-advocacy.
C. is correct because it would be the most professional approach to promoting her friend’s self-advocacy.
D. is incorrect because the first course of action is to address the issue with the SLP providing treatment.
References
Lubinski, R., Golper, L. A. C., Frattali, C. M. (2007). Professional Issues in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 3rd Ed. Thomson Delmar-Learning. p. 439, 538
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 7.b.iii
Rationales
is correct because posting advertisements in association newsletters is equally available to all SLPs in the community. A conflict of interest is a tension between the private interests and the official responsibilities of a person in a position of trust. This is the least likely option for the SLP to create a conflict of interest.
C. & D. are incorrect because there is a clear conflict of interest. They place the SLP at a clear advantage because of the direct connection to the school.
References
Paul, R. and Schoen Simmons, E. (2021). Introduction to Clinical Methods in Communication Disorders. (4th Ed). Paul H Brooks Publishing Co. Pages 33, 56.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 6.a. v
Rationales
A. B. & D. are incorrect because they do not demonstrate evidence-informed practice. There is also more potential for creating conflict and undermining the manager.
C. is correct because evidence-informed practice is a core element of client-centered care. The role of the SLP is to inform other staff about established and emerging literature.
References
Paul, R. and Simmons, ES. (2021). Introduction to Clinical Methods in Communication Disorders 4th Ed. p. 66
Papathanasiou, I. and Coppens, P. (2017) Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders. 2nd Ed. Bartlett Learning, p. 319.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.f v
Rationales
is incorrect because cranial nerve VII controls lip movements.
is incorrect because cranial nerve VII controls lip movements.
is correct because cranial nerve V controls jaw opening.
is incorrect because cranial nerve XII controls tongue movements.
References
Freed, D. B. (2020) Motor Speech Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd Ed. Plural Publishing, Inc. p.102
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 3.a iii
Rationales
is correct because the core responsibility of a dietitian is to assess nutrition and hydration and is the most appropriate person to address this issue.
is incorrect because although it may be an appropriate course of action, the immediate priority is for the dietitian to complete a thorough assessment.
is incorrect because recommending calorie count is beyond the scope of the SLP’s practice.
is incorrect because recommending supplements is beyond the scope of the SLP’s practice.
References
Leonard & Kendall, 2019, p. 245
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.1.a i
Rationales
A. B. & C. are incorrect because these are low vowels, which consistently have less nasal resonance.
D. is correct because /i/ is a high vowel, which consistently has more nasal resonance and more oral impedance than a low vowel.
References
Kummer, A. W. (2020). Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Conditions: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management 4th Ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 304
Use the following information to answer questions 1 to 2:
Mrs. Bailey, an 85-year-old, has a bilateral, moderately-severe sensorineural hearing loss with good word recognition scores (84%) bilaterally. Mrs. Bailey is cognitively alert, with good vision, but has limited manual dexterity due to arthritis. She was recently fitted with advanced technology behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids that she is using consistently. She was also given a wireless accessory.
Mrs. Bailey has recently moved into a large intermediate care facility. The facility is equipped with a television and networked phone system that are compatible with wireless technology.
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.2.j.iii
Rationales
is correct as checking the client’s ability to manipulate the technology appropriately is the next step in troubleshooting the issue, after confirming that the technology itself is working correctly.
is incorrect because the hearing aids and accessories have already been assessed and found to be working correctly.
is incorrect because a hearing handicap questionnaire is not assessing the correct use of the technology.
is incorrect because this is not client-centred care and it does not solve the problem or investigate the solution; It simply uses stereotypes to avoid investigating the problem and developing a solution.
References
Dillon, H. (2012). Hearing Aids (2nd Ed.). Thieme Publishers. p. 393.
Taylor, B. (2022). Relationship-Centered Consultation Skills for Audiologists: Remote and In-Person Care. Plural Publishing. p. 41.
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.2.f.iii
Rationales
A. & B. are incorrect because they assess the ability to identify individual words in quiet.
C. is incorrect because a hearing handicap questionnaire is not a measurement of listening in noise.
D. is the correct answer because the HINT is the only validated test listed that functionally tests listening to running speech in noise.
References
Gelfand, S.A., & Calandruccio, L. (2022). Essentials of Audiology 5th Ed. Thieme Publishers. p. 246.
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.2.j.iv
Rationales
is correct because it is the measure to determine an individual’s noise exposure over a specific time period.
is incorrect because a sound level meter would be used to measure noise levels at a worksite.
is incorrect because dosimetry does not measure HPD attenuation.
is incorrect because dosimetry measures the noise exposure for a person, and not a piece of equipment.
References
Fligor, B., Chasin, M., & Neitzal, R. (2015). Noise exposure. In Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M.,
Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (Eds.), Handbook of clinical audiology (pp. 595-596) (Vol. 7). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.g.ii
Rationales
is incorrect because this condition would result in a large ear canal volume measure.
is correct because a relatively small ear canal volume is consistent with obstruction of the ear canal.
is incorrect because this condition would result in a normal ear canal volume measure.
is incorrect because this condition would result in a normal ear canal volume measure and negative middle ear pressure.
References
Kramer, S. & Brown, D.K. (2023). Audiology. Science to Practice 4th Ed. San Diego: Plural Publishing. p. 239
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.2.g.ii
Rationales
is correct because otosclerosis presents with a normal tympanogram because the malleus and incus have normal mobility, the stapes is fixed, preventing the measurement of acoustic reflexes.
is incorrect because this condition would result in tympanometric high static compliance.
is incorrect because this condition would result in a flat tympanogram.
is incorrect because this condition would result in a flat tympanogram with larger-than-normal ear canal volume.
References
Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M., Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of clinical audiology (Vol. 7). (p. 498) Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.1.b.i
Rationales
is incorrect because percentile describes how the score compares to other scores for the same set.
is incorrect because the mean is the average of the statistical measure.
is incorrect because the standard deviation is the measure of how dispursed the data is in relation to the mean.
is correct because the median denotes the middle of a distribution.
References
Owen, A. (2023). Statistics for Clinicians. Springer. p. 7.
Correct Answer: A
Competency: 1.2.e.ii
Rationales
is the correct answer because early screening leads to early diagnostics, as per most early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) protocols.
is incorrect because three months is the goal for diagnostic assessment for most EHDI protocols.
& D. are incorrect because screening at this age would result in a delay in diagnosis and intervention, as per EHDI protocols.
References
White, K. A. (2015). Newborn hearing screening. In Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M., Hood, L. J., and Tillery, K. L. (Eds.), Handbook of clinical audiology (p. 441) (Vol. 7). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.g.ii
Rationales
is the incorrect answer because semicircular canal dehiscence typically produces a low-frequency conductive component.
is incorrect because testing was performed using insert earphones, eliminating the possibility of a collapsed ear canal.
is the correct answer because otitis media is the only condition among the options that would result in conductive hearing loss across all frequencies.
is incorrect because endolymphatic hydrops typically results in sensorineural hearing loss.
References
Schlauch, R. S., & Nelson, P. (2015). Puretone Evaluation. In Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M., Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Audiology (p. 43) (Vol. 7). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.1.b.i
Rationales
is incorrect because the age of emergence for this language skill is 18 months.
is correct because canonical babbling emerges at approximately eight months.
is incorrect because the age of emergence of this language skill is one year.
is incorrect because this language skill emerges at two months.
References
Tharpe, A.M., & Seewald, R. (Eds.). (2016). Comprehensive Handbook of Pediatric Audiology. Plural Publishing. p. 919
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.2.f.iii
Rationales
is incorrect because a child with tactile defensive behaviour may react negatively to being touched.
is incorrect because a child with tactile defensive behaviour and misophonia may react negatively to the probe tone and to the pressure change involved with tympanometry.
is incorrect because a child with tactile defensive behaviour may react negatively to the otoacoustic emissions stimuli and to being touched.
is correct because soundfield measures do not require touching the child.
References
Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M., Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of Clinical Audiology (Vol. 7). (p. 586) Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.1.b.i
Rationales
C. & D. are incorrect because they do not have the properties of a low-pass filter with a 2000 Hz cutoff.
is correct because a 2000 Hz low-pass filter passes all of the frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency and rejects frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
References
Burkhard, R., & Don, M. (2015). Introduction to Auditory Potentials.
In Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M., Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Audiology (p. 195) (Vol. 7). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.j.ii
Rationales
A. & C. are incorrect because a pinched probe tube and a clogged probe tube will both result in a reduction of gain measurements across all frequencies.
B. is correct because shallow placement of the probe tube allows high frequencies to dissipate.
D. is incorrect because a leak would result in dissipation of low frequencies.
References
Mueller, H.G., Ricketts, T.A., & Bentler, R. (2017). Speech Mapping and Probe Microphone Measurements. Plural Publishing. p. 248
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.f.iii
Rationales
is incorrect because it only evaluates the horizontal semicircular canal.
is correct because it is the only test that evaluates the structures identified in the stem.
is incorrect because it only evaluates the horizontal semicircular canal.
is incorrect because it is a functional balance test that assesses somatosensory, visual, vestibular, and motor function, to maintain balance.
References
McCaslin, D. L., & Jacobson, G., P. (2020). Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs).
Jacobson, G. P., Shepard, N. T., Barin, K., Janky, K., & McCaslin, D. L. (Eds.), (2020) Balance Function Assessment and Management 3rd Ed. (p. 433). Plural Publishing.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.k.i
Rationales
A. and B. are incorrect because this is not often enough to capture the acoustic changes that occur in young children’s ears as they grow.
C. is correct because the external and middle ear anatomy change frequently in young children, requiring new earmolds to fit the ear. Measuring the RECD when a new earmold is fit ensures that these changes are taken into account for the hearing aid output.
D. is incorrect because the RECD accounts for the acoustic properties of the ear canal itself and is not significantly influenced by earmold tubing effects.
References
Madell, J., & Flexer, C. (2014). Pediatric Audiology: Diagnosis, Technology, and Management (2nd ed., p. 215). Thieme Medical Publishers, New York.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.1.b.i
Rationales
is incorrect because positive predictive value refers to the percentage of true positives for the test (i.e. the level of confidence one has in the true-positive outcome).
is correct because sensitivity refers to the ability of the screening program to correctly identify children with hearing loss.
is incorrect because overall agreement is not a statistical term.
is incorrect because specificity refers to how well the test correctly identifies those without the target disorder (proportion of true negatives).
References
Owen, A. (2023). Statistics for Clinicians. Springer.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.k.ii
Rationales
A. & B. are incorrect because the clinician has not attempted to solve the problem with the client’s current hearing aids. A change in style would not be an initial solution.
C. is correct because a new impression is needed to ensure optimal fit.
D. is incorrect because it is outside of the scope of practice of an audiologist.
References
Taylor, B., & Mueller, H. G. (2021). All About Style: Hearing Aids and Earmolds. (p.251). Fitting and dispensing hearing aids, 3rd Ed. Plural Publishing, Inc.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1.b.i
Rationales
is incorrect because otoconia are calcium carbonate crystals in the saccule and utricle.
is incorrect because a cholesteotoma is a skin growth or cyst that forms behind the tympanic membrane and can progress into the middle ear.
is correct because a perilymph fistula is a hole or tear in the area between the middle and inner ear that can allow perilymph to leak into the middle ear.
is incorrect because scala are the fluid-filled cavities of the inner ear.
References
Gelfand, S. A. & Calandruccio, L. (2023). Auditory system and related disorders. (p.167). Essentials of Audiology, 5th Ed. Thieme.
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.1.a.i
Rationales
A. is incorrect because hearing loss associated with Apert syndrome is typically due to acquired conductive hearing loss (i.e. middle ear effusion).
B. & C. are incorrect because Fragile X and Marfan are not typically associated with congenital hearing loss.
D. is correct because the incidence of congenital hearing loss in Waardenburg syndrome is ~70%.
References
Northern, J.L., & Downs, M.P. (2002). Hearing in Children. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.1.b.i
Rationales
A. & B. are incorrect because they are not part of the tympanic membrane and would only be involved in the late stages of the disorder.
C. is correct because this is the area of the tympanic membrane that contains a higher proportion of elastin and is the most frequently-retracted area of the tympanic membrane.
D. is incorrect because it is the area opposite to the pars flaccida and it is less likely to be retracted.
References
Gelfand, S. A. & Calandruccio, L. (2023). Auditory system and related disorders. (p.157). Essentials of Audiology, 5th Ed. Thieme.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.g.i
Rationales
A. is incorrect because middle ear effusion does not typically result in high-frequency hearing loss.
B. is correct because bubbles are a likely sign of fluid in the middle ear, which usually results in a flat tympanogram, as this condition increases impedance and decreases energy transmission. This is a mass-dominated condition, which results in low-frequency hearing loss.
C. & D. are incorrect because bubbles are a likely sign of fluid in the middle ear, and this is not typically associated with a normal tympanogram.
References
Gelfand, S. A. & Calandruccio, L. (2023). Auditory system and related disorders. (p.152). Essentials of Audiology, 5th Ed. Thieme.
Mrs. Roberts presents with the following results:
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.j.vi
Rationales
A. & B. are incorrect because the client has a potentially treatable medical condition.
C. is correct because the logical next step after identifying middle ear pathology is to refer to a physician.
D. is incorrect because it is not timely intervention.
References
Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K.M., Hood, L.J., & Tillery, K.L. (7th Ed) (2015). Handbook of Clinical Audiology. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 1.2.j.ii
Rationales
is incorrect because increasing the gain in the default listening program will increase all inputs.
is correct because this will improve the signal-to-noise ratio, by decreasing environmental noise input.
is incorrect because increasing the gain on his mobile phone involves a secondary step and it does not reduce environmental noise input.
is incorrect because it does not reduce environmental noise and it would result in others hearing his conversations.
References
Ricketts, T. (2019). Essentials of modern hearing aids : selection, fitting, and verification (R. A. Bentler & H. G. Mueller (Eds.)). Plural Publishing. pg 575
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.j.ii
Rationales
and D. are incorrect because consent for these changes has not been provided by the client and it does not respect the autonomy of the client.
is incorrect because it is not the clinician’s responsibility to discuss the conversation between the client and the client’s daughter.
is the correct answer because client consent is required to share information or to make changes to the intervention plan. It is also the ethical responsibilty of the audiologist to safeguard the autonomy of the client.
References
SAC Code of Ethics. (2016) www.sac-oac.ca/joining-the-profession/cetp-exams/preparing-for-the-cetp-exams/
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 7.a.ii
Rationales
is incorrect because recommending anger management classes is outside of our scope of practice and it may escalate the son’s behaviour.
is incorrect because the client is the parent, not the son. The audiologist does not have the client’s consent to talk to the son about the client’s care without the client present.
is correct because opening the conversation to evaluate if abuse should be reported ensures that the audiologist is acting according to the professional code of ethics and this option respects the autonomy of the client.
is incorrect because the audiologist suspects that abuse is taking place and they are not taking immediate steps to ensure the client’s safety.
References
SAC Code of Ethics. (2016). pages 3-5. www.sac-oac.ca/joining-the-profession/cetp-exams/preparing-for-the-cetp-exams/
Correct Answer: B
Competency: 4.b.ii
Rationales
is incorrect because this may not improve signal-to-noise ratio enough and it does not address use of remote microphone technology.
is correct because audiologists have a role of collaboration. An in-service supports the client’s needs and can better motivate the teacher to use the remote microphone system.
is incorrect because it does not allow the teacher the opportunity to address the concern before escalating to a higher level of administration in the education system.
is incorrect because this option does not advocate for the client and family. Passing out information is not the best option in this case.
References
Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K. M., Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of Clinical Audiology (Vol. 7). (p. 508) Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 1.2.j.vi
Rationales
is incorrect because it does not address the cause of the hearing loss.
is incorrect because explaining the anatomy and physiology will help counsel the parents but it does not address the long-standing medical condition which is outside of the scope of practice of an audiologist.
is the correct answer because the child needs medical management above any other intervention given the length of time that has passed with the same results.
is incorrect because the child’s middle ear issues have not resolved over time.
References
Musiek, F. E., Shinn, J. B., Baran, J. A., & Jones, R. O. (2020). Disorders of the auditory system. (pp. 127-139) Plural Publishing.
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 2.b.ii
Rationales
A. B. & C. are incorrect because, while they are part of the ear impression-taking procedure, they cannot occur if consent is not obtained.
D. is correct because informed consent is a prerequisite for performing any procedure.
References
SAC Code of Ethics. (2016). page 4. www.sac-oac.ca/joining-the-profession/cetp-exams/preparing-for-the-cetp-exams/
Correct Answer: C
Competency: 7.b.iii
Rationales
A. B. & D. are all incorrect because they involve the audiologist accepting a gift, which is against professional codes of ethics.
C. is correct because as per professional codes of ethics, a clinician must not accept any financial reward or gift that may compromise or influence professional judgment or service recommendation.
References
SAC Code of Ethics. (2016). page 6. www.sac-oac.ca/joining-the-profession/cetp-exams/preparing-for-the-cetp-exams/
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 1.1.a.vi
Rationales
A. is incorrect because this will not change impedance measures.
B. & C. are incorrect because they will bring the impedance down negative electrodes only.
D. is correct because the ground electrode is used as a reference for all other electrodes. Rescrubbing this area will help bring down the impedance for all electrodes.
References
Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K.M., Hood, L.J., & Tillery, K.L. (7th Ed) (2015). Handbook of Clinical Audiology. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health. pg. 256
Correct Answer: D
Competency: 2.a.iii
Rationales
is incorrect because online translation applications may compromise accuracy of the information.
is incorrect because the clinic administrative staff are not trained to adhere to interpreting standards and confidentiality may be compromised.
is incorrect because of the reasons stated in B, and they may also introduce bias.
is correct because the primary reason to use a professional interpreter is that they have training to interpret medical information accurately
References
SAC Code of Ethics. (2016) www.sac-oac.ca/joining-the-profession/cetp-exams/preparing-for-the-cetp-exams/
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